Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is located in Pilibhit district, Lakhimpur Kheri District and Bahraich District of Uttar Pradesh state in India. It lies along the India-Nepal border in the foothills of the Himalayas and the plains of the ‘terai’ in Uttar Pradesh. It is one of India's 50 Project Tiger Tiger reserves.

Pilibhit is one of the few well forested districts in Uttar Pradesh. According to an estimate of year 2004, Pilibhit district has over 800 km2 (310 sq mi) forests, constituting roughly 23% of the district’s total area. Forests in Pilibhit have at least 36 tigers and a good prey base for their survival.

This reserve is one of the finest examples of the highly diversified and productive Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands eco-system. The Terai forests and grasslands constitute habitat for over 127 animals, 556 bird species and 2,100 flowering plants. They are also home to around 6 million people who depend on them for their livelihoods.

Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is home to a large number of rare and threatened species, which include Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, hispid hare, Bengal floricans, sloth bear, wild boar, swamp deer, spotted deer, hog deer, barking deer, sambar, porcupine, civets, python, monitor lizard etc lives in Pilibhit Tiger Reserve and play equally important role in its ecology. Some critically endangered species such as hispid hare, otter, pangolin, Bengal florican, Indian vulture also find a home here.

Nearly 1300 birds found in the Indian subcontinent over 326 species can be seen in Pilibhit Tiger Reserve these include red jungle fowl, hornbill, pea fowl. Fish eagle, serpent eagle emerald dove, black neck stork, wooly neck stork, drongo, night jar, green pigeon, spotted owl, jungle babbler, black francolin, fish owl, cormorant, snake bird etc.